The Solomon Mikhoels Collection is a unique, rich resource on the life and work of Solomon Mikhailovich Mikhoels (1890-1948), the brightest star and director of Soviet Yiddish theater and a symbol of Soviet Yiddish culture. It is also a source of valuable information on the history of Mikhoels's theater, GOSET (Gosudarstvennyi evreiskii teatr, known as the Moscow State Yiddish Theater in English), and Soviet Yiddish culture in general. The holdings consist of 384 items, including 103 letters (75 of them written by Mikhoels), 15 postcards (all of them inscribed by Mikhoels), 46 cables, 1 note, 2 periodicals, 13 newspaper clippings, and 204 photographs. Most of the collection's materials are in Russian, with a few in Yiddish and Hebrew (letters and postcards are accompanied by full transcripts and translations). They mostly date to the 1920s-1940s, though some are from as early as the 1890s to as late as the early 2000s.

Formerly, the collection was part of the personal archive of Victoria Bishops, Mikhoels's granddaughter, who brought the Mikhoels family archive from the USSR to Israel, where her family immigrated in the 1970s. Victoria's great care for Mikhoels’s archive and his memory, and her generosity, helped preserve this unique collection and make it available to scholars and the public through the Blavatnik Archive.

Documents of the Mikhoels collection open a window on the secluded world of his family—relationships between Mikhoels and his wives, daughters, and close and distant relatives; impact of Mikhoels’s work and theatrical milieu on his family life; and impact of family issues on his work in the theater. Mikhoels’s correspondence, especially his postcards and cables, documents the extent and intensity of his travel, including performance tours, business trips, and vacations. Photographs, many of them previously unknown, provide rare images of Mikhoels’s life—from his early years in the 1910s Riga to the celebration of his life and work in the 1990s-2000s Moscow.

This collection, especially the family correspondence, complements the Blavatnik Archive’s Moscow State Yiddish Theater (MSYT) collection and three other—the world’s largest—archives dedicated to Mikhoels and GOSET: two in Russia (at the Russian State Archives for Literature and Art and at the A. A. Bakhrushin State Theatrical Museum in Moscow) and one in Israel (at the Israel Goor Theatre Archives and Museum at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem). Unlike the other archives, the Mikhoels and MSYT collections at the Blavatnik Archive are fully digitized, cataloged, and accessible online.